1a.

Gross findings: The mucosa is reddened, possibly bleeding.

Histologic findings: Erosions and ulcers accompanied by a neutrophil infiltrate and edema of the lamina propria.

Urinalysis findings: Blood, abundant sloughed epithelial cells and leukocytes.

1b. Prolonged cystitis results in proliferative changes such as urothelial hyperplasia, urothelial metaplasia to squamous cells, and abundant inflammatory cells that include lymphocytes, plasma cells, and probably macrophages and eosinophils. These inflammatory cell aggregates might be grossly visisble as gray or red foci. A chronic, yet active cystitis will still have numerous neutrophils.